What Is Gynecomastia?
Gynecomastia is the benign enlargement of glandular breast tissue in males. It affects an estimated 40–60% of men at some point in their lives and can cause significant physical discomfort, embarrassment, and psychological distress. The condition is distinct from pseudogynecomastia, which is breast enlargement due to fatty tissue only (lipomastia) — treatment approaches differ for each.
Causes of Gynecomastia
Gynecomastia develops when the balance between oestrogen and testosterone shifts in favour of oestrogen. Common causes include:
- Hormonal changes: Puberty (most common — resolves spontaneously in 80% of cases), older age
- Medications: Anabolic steroids, anti-androgens, certain antidepressants and antihypertensives, spironolactone
- Health conditions: Hypogonadism, hyperthyroidism, liver disease, kidney failure
- Substances: Cannabis, alcohol, heroin
- Idiopathic: No identifiable cause in up to 25% of cases
Gynecomastia Surgery: What Does It Involve?
Surgical correction of gynecomastia typically involves one or both of the following techniques, depending on the composition of the enlargement:
- Glandular excision: The firm, rubbery breast gland tissue directly beneath the nipple is excised through a small periareolar incision. This is the definitive treatment for true gynecomastia and cannot be addressed by liposuction alone.
- Liposuction: VASER or power-assisted liposuction removes the fatty component, contouring the chest and creating a flatter, more athletic appearance. Often combined with glandular excision.
The procedure is performed under general or local anaesthesia and takes 1–2 hours. Most patients are discharged the same day or after one night.
Who Is a Candidate for Gynecomastia Surgery?
- Men with persistent enlarged breast tissue (present for more than 12 months) who have not responded to medication or treatment of underlying causes
- Teenagers with persistent pubertal gynecomastia after 2+ years
- Men with pseudogynecomastia (lipomastia) wanting chest definition
- Bodybuilders with steroid-related gynecomastia
Recovery After Gynecomastia Surgery
A compression vest is worn for 3–6 weeks to minimise swelling and support the healing tissue. Most patients return to light work within 3–5 days. Gym and upper-body exercise should be avoided for 4–6 weeks. Final results are visible within 3–6 months as swelling resolves.
Gynecomastia Treatment in Turkey
FitAndFit Clinic offers gynecomastia surgery in Turkey at a fraction of UK, German, and US costs — with expert plastic surgeons, same-day discharge for most patients, and discreet, professional care throughout.